The Truth About Famous Black Inventors

The Truth About Famous Black Inventors Quite a few of our  readers have written asking me to clear up some facts about African American inventors in a sort of mythbuster manner.  Much of the  discussion has centered around who was the first person to invent a comb, elevator, cell phone, etc. African American Patents When an inventor files for a patent, the application form does not require a person to state his/her race. Thus little was known about early African American inventors. So librarians from one of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries decided to compile a database of patents granted to black inventors by researching patent applications and other records. These compilations include Henry Bakers Patents by Negroes [1834-1900]. Baker was a second assistant patent examiner at the USPTO who was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. The database listed the inventors name followed by the patent number(s), which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued and the title of the invention. However, the database was misunderstood as readers falsely assumed that the title of the invention meant that the inventor had invented the first comb, elevator, cell phone and such. In the case of Henry Sampson, readers even misunderstood the title of gamma cell to mean Sampson had invented the first cell phone. Black Myth or Black Fact? This has led to writers publishing misleading articles that assume that every invention mentioned in the database would not have been invented if black people did not exist. Even worse are other writers who have written counterpoint articles that falsely give the impression that black inventors have not achieved great things. Understand that titles are required by USPTO law to be as short and specific as possible. Nobody entitles their patent applications The First Comb Invented or The 1,403th Comb Invented. You have to read the rest of the patent to find out what new improvements that the inventor is claiming. And nearly all patents are for improvements to pre-existing items. Did you know that Thomas Edison, who was not the first person to invent a lightbulb, invented over fifty different lightbulbs? Misleading the Public? Not one of the black inventors lied in their patent applications or stated that  they had invented something totally new when it was merely an improvement. However, I have read articles that imply that these inventors have done something terrible. For example, take my article on John Lee Love. Nowhere do I state that John Lee Love invented the very first pencil sharpener, but the tone is favorable and shows the respect I have for Love as an inventor. Another website uses a headline that read Pencil Sharpener - John Lee Love in 1897? No! This harsh tone puts the inventors achievements in a negative light. However, these were still real inventors who received real patents at a time when it was rare and difficult for a person of color to do so. Why Recognizing Back Inventors  Is Important My database list of African American patent holders holds historical value far beyond winning the first race. It has led to research that answered many important questions. Questions such as: Who were the first African Americans to receive a U.S. patents?What were African American inventors inventing during the 19th and early 20th centuries?Did early black inventors profit from their inventions?What are contemporary African American scientists and inventors achieving today? About Henry Baker I believe wholeheartedly that inventors make the best people. And while I will continue to maintain the historical aspects of the database and update the database with current inventors, what we know about early African American innovators comes mostly from the work of Henry Baker. He was an assistant patent examiner at the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) who thankfully was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. Around 1900, the Patent Office conducted a survey to gather information about black inventors and their inventions. Letters were sent to patent attorneys, company presidents, newspaper editors and prominent African-Americans.  Baker recorded the replies and followed-up on leads. Bakers research also provided the information used to select black inventions exhibited at the Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, the Worlds Fair in Chicago and the Southern Exposition in Atlanta. By the time of his death, Baker had compiled four massive volumes.

Administrative Procedures OFF2373 Major Assignment A The Workplace and Essay

Administrative Procedures OFF2373 Major Assignment A The Workplace and You - Essay Example Employee involvement encompasses the process of making employees work not only with their brains and bodies but also with their hearts. The purpose of constructing the workplace is to establish and maintain appropriate physical working conditions and to improve the quality of work life. Establishing an effective work environment begins with identifying the physical environment and the resources needed to perform the work effectively. Congenial environmental conditions will develop the health and safety of the workers. Similarly, safe work practice leads to better performance, motivation, and higher productivity in the organization. Background noise disrupts the concentration of employees and also affects people’s health by increasing the general stress level. Therefore, to avoid interference with work, the sound level should not be higher than 55 decibels,. The screen size, brightness, contrast and color combination should be adjusted by the operator on behalf of the employees. The best viewing distance from the eye to the computer monitor is 15 to 40 inches. The chair height should be easy to adjust within a range of 15-20 inches above the floor. The space of seat pan should be 16 to 19 inches wide and the seat depth should be 15 to18 inches. The ideal angle between the seat pan and seat back should be 85 to 135 degree adjustable. Providing effective break and rest schedule for workers is important for tapping the best out of the working environment. The break or rest schedule should vary according to the physical and psychological demands of the employees involved in specific assignments. The report is submitted to infrom all people

Journal entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal entry - Essay Example They will also be motivated to deliver the work on time and ensure that they make the best use of time. To this end, new entries could be added to the existing journal as follows: The budget of the project is a reflection of the resources that are going to be put into the project. This shall not be in terms of monetary spending alone. Rather, several areas of the project that demand human resource, capital resource, time resource and energy resource have all been factored into the budget. Again, the budget does not only make a representation of the needed resources that are going to be invested into the project but expected income is also featured. On the whole, the procurement of equipment is expected to be the component of the project that will have a lot of drain on the budget. This is because only brand new machine parts are going to be purchased. Moreover, spending to be made by the staff is also expected to put a lot of financial on the budget. In all, sale of the engines to be produced will be the major source of capital for the project. The development of the project budget goes with the following entries in the journal: Calculating estimated income that the project will eventually yield when it is completed. The income shall be dictated by factors including time of completion, quality of project and number of pieces of equipment made. As already hinted, the quality of the project will go a long way to determine the income that the project is going to yield. This is because in today’s competitive world where value for money has become the order of the day, consumers and customers of good and products expect nothing less than absolute quality. This is a demand that puts the team under pressure to ensure maximum adherence to quality restrictions. To this end, there shall be a special review to the quality management plan that has already been structured to take care of management of quality issues in the project. The new modification shall

Conferences in Cairo and Teheran in 1943 Research Paper

Conferences in Cairo and Teheran in 1943 - Research Paper Example This time Joseph Stalin of Soviet Union joined the meeting and hence it is considered to be the first conference between the Big Three1. It immediately followed the Cairo Conference and was held during November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Teheran, Iran. This meeting focused on the opening of the second front in Western Europe and finalized the stratagem for the war against Nazi Germany and its allies2. The purpose of this paper is to attempt a close study of the conferences held in Cairo and Teheran in order to evaluate the larger picture of the World War situation. It is through revisiting these conferences that one can properly assess and analyze the occurrences that led to the world war. The main purpose of the argument at both the conferences in Cairo and Teheran was the act and measures taken by the U.S. and the U.K. regarding the Overlord and the Mediterranean invasion, for which they needed support3. The U.S. leaders were keen on grabbing the opportunity to attack from the nort hwest, which was the Overlord from which the British seemed to withdraw. What mainly came into conflict between the core parties was whether to postpone the Overlord operation to proceed with the eastern invasion of Mediterranean during the war. This decision depended upon the availability of landing craft which was provided by the United States, called the Landing Ship Tank (LST). There were almost 139 of these, headed towards the Mediterranean and 67 allocated to the United Kingdom for the Overlord right after the Italian campaign was finished4. The Cairo-Teheran Conferences allow the historians to analyze and develop a deeper understanding of the intricacies of the cross-channel invasion which was resisted by both Stalin and Roosevelt for different reasons. One can get a closer look at the real intentions of the American ideas and suspicions towards their ally5. The Cairo Conference led to the defeat of Japan and eventually the Cold War was aggravated in East Asia. Hence, the mee ting was significant in relation to the bond developed between the Great Britain, the United States and China. The conference took its official start by Generalissimo demanding a fixed amount for military equipment for the South East Asia Command operations. The Generalissimo reasserted the demand of providing 10,000 of tonnage per month expressing the need to Mountbatten irrespective of his own demands. In a series of meetings in Cairo other demands were heard and possible solutions were derived. General Eisenhower the Allies Supreme Commander laid stress on the significance of â€Å"maximum possible operations† in the existing scenario because a new base would take up a lot of time6. These were some of the major demands that were placed in the conference and these demands had an impact on the overall result of the conference. The same can be said about the Teheran collaborations of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin. But there was a clash of cultures as the decisions were fina lized at a high level and Heiferman writes, â€Å"Summit conferences may make for good theater, but do not necessarily result in good policies, as an examination of the Cairo Conference reveals.†7 Heiferman reasserts that the conferences were a mixture of contradictory agendas due to differences in culture and various stereotypes and myths about realities. China’s inclusion in the Cairo conference was primarily Roosevelt’s concern. He gave Chiang the impression that he would

Impact of Climate Change on Moose Population

Impact of Climate Change on Moose Population Moose in the Noose? From Montana to Minnesota, Ontario and Wyoming to Hew Hampshire moose numbers are in steep decline. Could climate change be to blame? These majestic animals, which can be over 6 feet tall and weigh 700 kg, are a highlight for wildlife enthusiasts visiting America’s northern states and bring in much needed revenue for local communities. They are also important components of the boreal forest ecosystem. Unfortunately these mostly solitary creatures are becoming increasingly more difficult to find by hunters and scientists alike. Moose number declines Montana 40% drop in the number of hunting tags released Minnesota Down 70% since 2006 New Hampshire Dropped from 7000 to 4600 Wyoming 70% drop since 1998 Montana Mystery Dwindling populations in Montana have left local people worried and scientists scratching their heads as to why. Currently moose numbers in Montana are not checked regularly, instead they rely on anecdotal evidence from biologists and hunters as to what the situation on the ground is. But many people are worried. Nick DeCesare, the biologist leading the study said â€Å"There’s fewer moose out there, and hunters are working harder to find them.† So worried are they that the Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks (FWP) department have just embarked on a 10 year investigation to track population changes. By tagging moose with radio collars they can check up on them year after year to measure their body fat and take blood, fecal, hair and teeth samples. They will also check whether they are carrying any diseases or infestations. With this data they’ll be able to tell how healthy the moose are individually and as a population and if any tagged moose die they hope to be able to determine the cause. For the time being though, why numbers appear to be dropping so quickly is a mystery. Mike Gurnett, also from the FWP said â€Å"in some parts of Montana, numbers have declined, hunting licenses cut back, and moose counts continue to drop†. 50% fewer hunting licenses were issued by the state between 1995 and 2011. Just a Fluke? Likewise in Minnesota, Michelle Carstensen of the state’s Department of Natural Resources is also trying to figure out what is happening to their much-loved moose, so popular that they even had an Ice Hockey team named after them – the Minnesota Moose. Ominously the team was relocated to Winnipeg in 1996. We used to have two significant moose populations in our state one in the northwest, one in the northeast. And the northwest moose population is pretty much gone. Numbers in the northwest population of Minnesota have dropped from 4000 in the 1990s to just 100 in the mid 2000’s. This rapid loss drove them to cancel the 2013 moose hunting season altogether in the hope that numbers would rebound. The north-eastern population is also thought to be declining with fewer calves seen over the last 10-15 years than previously. Hunters here too have reported difficulty in finding moose. One of the main causes for this is thought to the liver fluke (Murray et al. 2006), these cause damage to the liver, lungs, and other tissues in the moose’s body along with secondary infections resulting from the damage. This reduces their overall fitness and Murray thinks that the northwest population will cease to exist in 50 years time. Ticked off In Ontario, winter ticks are thought to be a major cause of moose deaths. An adult moose can have as many as 30,000 ticks on its body and some have been known be infested with as many as 100,000. All of these blood-sucking ticks can make moose anaemic; the lack of healthy red blood cells causes fatigue due to inadequate oxygen supplies. This lethargy makes it more difficult for the moose to get enough food. As you can imagine a lot of ticks can be itchy. Moose don’t groom themselves like deer and so scratch themselves by rubbing up against trees. This may be satisfying in the short term – like scratching a mosquito bite – but can be detrimental in the long term. Excessive scratching can remove clods of hair meaning the moose are in more danger of dying from exposure in the winter months. In New Hampshire, too, ticks are a big problem for the moose. Youngsters feel the effects more than adults, says wildlife biologist Ted Walski, â€Å"the 1-year-olds don’t have the blood volume or body size (to cope), which makes them more susceptible.† In the warm winter of 2011 it is thought that nearly all calves born the previous year died as well as 40% of the adults. In relatively extreme event such as this moose populations can rebound the following year, but if the situation persists for prolonged periods recovery is not possible. UmWhat has this got to do with climate change? The fact that there seem to be a number of different causes for the moose declines in these different areas implies that there may be an underlying cause. Population ecologist Denis Murray suspects that it is climate change. Moose have evolved to live in cold climates. As such they have thick, warm coats and get stressed if it’s too hot. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the 30 year period from 1983 to 2012 was probably the warmest period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere (IPCC, 2013). Furthermore, temperatures in this region are predicted to rise by 1.5ËÅ ¡ to 2ËÅ ¡C in spring and summer between 2025 and 2035 with winter temperatures expected to rise by the middle of the century (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2003). Montana, Minnesota, and Ontario all have something in common. They’re at the southern edge of the moose’s range – the geographical limit of where they can live comfortably. Moose numbers in southern Sweden, too, have been reported to be dropping. Climate change makes it more difficult for moose to survive in the southern parts of their range. This is thought to be due to the increased heat stress but also the increased survival rate of its pathogens over the winter period. In these southern areas increased temperatures are felt more keenly by the moose. When they get too hot they seek shelter rather than forage for food. This leads to them being weaker but also stops them from building up important fat reserves for the winter. Biologist Mark Lenarz from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resourses found that increased summer and winter temperatures induced heat stress was one of the main factors leading to an increase in moose deaths (Lenarz 2009). White-tailed deer are the normal hosts for the live fluke. Deer densities are expected to increase in response to milder winters (Murray et al., 2006) – exposing a higher number of moose to infection. Murray also found that populations of moose were negatively affected by increases in annual temperature Ticks numbers can also be affected by climate change. To see how we need a bit of info on their life cycle: Ticks emerge from eggs in the late summer. After a short time they climb on to plants like grasses and trees, here they wait as moose brush up against them they attach themselves. They feed and grow into adults during the winter and then mate in January to February, shorter winters mean more survive until this time. In April they start to detach and fall to the ground to lay their eggs and the cycle continues. However, if temperatures are low there is more snow around. The white background makes the tick’s dark bodies stand out and they’re more likely to be eaten by birds(Addison et al. 1989). But if it’s warmer and there is less snow cover and the ticks are harder to spot on the dark ground more adult ticks survive to lay eggs, leading to increased infection rates later in the year which have a negative impact on moose health. Daniel Bergeron, from the un iversity of New Hampshire, thinks that the widespread die-off of moose in the warm, snowless conditions in the winter of 2001 -2 extended the period that ticks could be transmitted to moose (Bergeron 2011). http://www.ccwhc.ca/wildlife_health_topics/winter_tick/wintertick.php#canada Christy McCain from the University of Colorado Boulder found that larger animals 27 times more likely to react to climate change than smaller animals. This makes them more sensitive to change and so they face the highest extinction risk (McCain and King 2014). â€Å"The things that are responding most to climate change are the things we tend to like the most, that we go to parks to see to see – Big Horn Sheep, Elk, Polar Bears. These are the things that have the highest extinction risk†. Much like the dinosaurs that died out after 65 million years ago, it was the small mammals left behind that were able to adapt to their new environment more quickly and survive. So Consequences for boreal forest – less grazing etc As well as the threat of climate change there are also threats from logging and especially mining, which currently is not subject to environmental assessment. Less browsing by moose – loss of natural habitat areas maintained by such grazing, fewer wolves as less moose to hunt. References Addison, E. M., Strickland, R. D. and Fraser, D. J. H. (1989) Grey Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) and common ravens (Corvus corax) as predators of winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus., The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 103(3), 406-408. Bergeron, D. H. (2011) Assessing relationships of moose populations, winter ticks, and forest regeneration in northern New Hampshire., University of New Hampshire Masters Thesis, [online], available: http://search.proquest.com/docview/884096564 [accessed 02/03/2014] IPCC (2013) Fifth Assessment Report,Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, [online], available: http://www.ipcc.ch/ [accessed 02/03/2014] Lenarz, M. S., Nelson, M. E., Schrage, M. W. and Edwards, A. J. (2009) Temperature Mediated Moose Survival in Northeastern Minnesota, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 73(4), 503-510. McCain, C. M. and King, S. R. B. (2014) Body size and activity times mediate mammalian responses to climate change, Global Change Biology, [online], available: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.12499/abstract [accessed 25/02/2014]. Murray, D. L., Cox, W. E., Ballard, W. B., Whitlaw, H. A., Lenarz, M. S., Custer, T. W., Barnett, C. and Fuller, T. D. (2006) Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population, Wildlife Monographs, 166, 1-30. Union of Concerned Scientists (2003) Confronting climate change in the great lakes regions: impacts on our communities and ecosystems, available: http://www.ucsusa.org/greatlakes/glchallengereport.html [accessed 27/02/2014].

Some Tips On Car Restoration Essay example -- essays research papers

Some Tips on Car Restoration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whenever someone decides to take the initiative to restore a car, it requires a serious commitment. I have seen too many people begin work and never finish. The successful car restorer chooses a car that fits his/her personality and budget, and follows the job through to the end. One must have a love for the process as well as the product, or the project will be rushed and end up to be worthless. I learned this tedious process when I was just fourteen years old, barely able to perform the difficult and sometimes dangerous tasks that are required to complete a show car. I would not recommend taking the steps I did my first time, so I will outline the best method I have learned through experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most restoration projects are simple vehicles to begin with, so it isn't very difficult to know what's what. For those of us who don't know all the tricks or don't like to write things down I think a book is very helpful. I recommend one from the Chilton's Automotive Guide series. These guides are available for almost any car, so finding one for your project should not be a problem. They feature blown up diagrams of the complicated systems of the car like the distributor, under-dash wiring, and engine internals. This can be very helpful in those frustrating times when there are parts strewn from wall to wall in no particular order. Mine was an integral part of the process on my 1969 Chevy project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people who are new to the project car scene tend to begin the project with cosmetics such as paint, interior vinyl and carpeting, and chromed accessories. This will not pay off in the end. The place to start is with the engine and suspension. In doing this at the beginning, you will minimize the chance of damaging expensive cosmetics and having to redo your work unnecessarily. For example, I was doing some major engine work after my car had been painted, and a slight shift of the hydraulic engine lift spelled disaster for a section of my newly coated fender. If the suspension components of your car are badly worn, consider replacement. A good way to check for broken or worn components in the front suspension is to lift the frame of the car until the front wheels leave the ground; then put one hand on each side of the tire and try and move it back an... ...ork you have done and it will transform the car's appearance drastically. Painting a car is an extremely delicate art, and equipment such as a spray booth and compressors are absolutely necessary to do the job right. After putting on a good set of tires and wheels that have been painted and polished and adding a few more personal touches, your project car is ready to drive. I went to a car show in Hershey, Pennsylvania and picked up a set of four 1973 Buick wheels that resembled the 1969 Chevy's. A little polish and touch-up paint made them look like new. If you buy used wheels, pay very close attention to the edges to make sure there are no irregularities to cause a vibration at high speeds. Common sense is the only thing you need to refer to when picking up used parts. If the time is taken to do each step correctly, the result is phenomenal. The work is never done, however. An antique is always in need of attention and maintenance, and you cannot afford to let your restoration work and money go to waste. These projects have proven to be some of the most rewarding hobbies in my life, as well as for countless other people who enjoy hands-on work and a thrilling driving experience.

Role of Youth in National Development

My name is Ram Manohar. I am a farmer engaged in paddy cultivation as well as the Secretary of an Association of farmers. I come from Thirunellveli district in Tamil Nadu. About five kilometers from my farm land, a multinational company established a factory for producing soft drinks. The entire land around the factory to an extent of 10 Sq. km was under paddy cultivation. The entire water requirement for the company was from bore wells in the company premises.It is understood from the employees of the company that each bore well is around 1000 ft deep. Since the establishment of the factory the water availability in the bore wells in the farm land started receding. The main water source for agriculture and day to day life is from bore wells. The company apart from producing soft drinks is also producing a fertilizer as a by -product. The Agriculture Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu is marketing the fertilizer at a subsidized rate. The said fertilizer is very cheap and the farmers are using the same for paddy cultivation.However the use of fertilizer has reduced the yield. Since the past two years almost the entire bore wells in the farm land has gone dry. Hence I am unable to cultivate paddy for the last two years. Around 2000 farmers in the locality are similarly placed. The Government has appointed a study commission to look into the issue of shortage of water, reduced yield and connected issues. After enquiry the Commission recommended the immediate closing of the factory. The Government of Tamil Nadu acted on the Report and closed the factory. In the meantime the Government also framed rules for regulating bore wells.The company has wound up its entire activities in India and closed its office and its responsible persons had left India. The entire farmers in the locality under the association are on an indefinite strike. We are demanding compensation. Can we claim compensation from the Government as well as from the company. Presently the farmers have no means for their daily livelihood. Please advise us. Additional Information 1. I am sixty years old. 2. From time immemorial my family is engaged in paddy cultivation and Thirunelveli district is known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. 3. I own fifteen acres of farm land. 4.The name of the company is Popsco. It is a Finnish company. 5. The company started functioning in India in the year 2005. 6. The company has 100 acres of land. 7. There are 40 bore wells in the factory premises. 8. I have three bore wells in my farmland and they have also gone dry. 9. The average depth of the bore well in the farm land of the area is 250 ft. 10. The Commission was appointed during July 2007 11. The Commission gave its report during March 2008. 12. The Commission found that the fertilizer contained high level of Cadium which has resulted in the reduced yield and that the farmlands have been contaminated. 3. The Commission also found that the water shortage was due to excess drawing of ground water by the factory. 14. The Commission found that the farm lands cannot be profitably cultivated for a minimum period of five years. 15. Fertilizers containing Cadium has been banned since 2003 in almost all parts of Europe. 16. The commission found that a minimum ten years period is required for sufficient increase in the ground water level. 17. The estimated loss of income of the farmers as per the Commission Report is five thousand Crores. 18.The commission found that the fertilizer was approved for sale bypassing statutory requirements. 19. The factory was closed during December 2009,till that time the factory was fully operational. 20. The association has given written representation for compensation to the company on October 10th 2009.  ©KERALA LAW ACADEMY MOOT COURT SOCIETY,Thiruvananthapuram ELEVENTH NATIONAL CLIENT CONSULTING COMPETITION 2010 KERALA LAW ACADEMY, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM FINAL My name is Sofia. I am a veterinary doctor and an expert in embryo transplantation technology. I am an employee of a Company in Gujarat.I joined the company on 10/05/06. The notification for selection stipulated that a five year bond has to be executed as a condition for selection. After selection I executed the bond. At the time of selection I have surrendered my entire original certificates to the company. The bond stipulated that I should work for minimum five years with the company and in case of resignation, liquidated damages of Rs ten lakhs has to be paid. Furthermore the bond contained a non – competition clause which prohibited me from working in a similar organization for ten years. All the selected candidates executed the bond.I was sent to Denmark for routine training by the company. The company has agreed to enhance the salary to all employees w. e. f 01/01/08. However the company has not yet enhanced the salary citing financial crisis. There was an offer from another company. I appeared for the interview and got selected. I was instructed to p roduce the original certificates on or before 10/02/2010. I approached my company for relieving me and also for original certificates. The company stated that I cannot be relieved as the new company is engaged in similar business. I lost the opportunity.From April the company is facing severe financial crisis. The future of the company is uncertain. Can I resign from this company and opt for another job. The company has orally informed me that they would not relieve me till the bond period is over. I am one among the ten veterinary doctors in India who are skilled in embryo transplantation and as such I have tremendous job opportunities with higher prospects. Am I entitled to claim compensation from the company for denying my opportunity? The company is threatening to sue me if I join similar institutions. Please advise me.Additional Information 1. Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Degree obtained in the year 2005. 2. The name of my Company is Gujarat Livestock Cor poration. 3. Selection was through all India written test and Interview. 4. Bond was executed on 1/05/2006. The bond has no clause allowing the company to retain my original certificates. I have the copy of the bond and the copy of the notification inviting application for the job. 5. The pay scale is Rs 16000-22000. 6. My post is Assistant Veterinary Surgeon. 7. I successfully completed the probation on10/05/08. 8.It was told that the original certificates would be returned after the probation period. 9. The proposed enhancement of salary was Rs five thousand per month. 10. The offer for the new job was from Gujarat Diary Corporation. 11. The offered post was Deputy Manager. 12. The pay scale of the new company was Rs 25000-35000. 13. Written request for relieving was made on 20/01/2010. 14. Reply to the above request was received on 28/01/2010. 15. Gujarat Diary Corporation and Gujarat Livestock Corporation are engaged in similar activities and both are promoted by the Government of Gujarat. 16.I was provided in- house training for the first six months by the company. 17. I went to Denmark on 10/05/07. Training was the same as given in the in house training and was for three months. 18. The company has spent Rs fifteen lakhs as expenses for my training in Denmark. 19. In addition I went for training to Australia for three months with the permission of my employer. Training in Australia was from 2/06/08 to 02/09/08. 20. The training in Australia was for specialization in embryo transplantation. 21. Training in Australia was on my own expenses  ©KERALA LAW ACADEMY MOOT COURT SOCIETY,Thiruvananthapuram